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Romania's last tracked vote was the Romania 2024 Presidential Election in 2024.
Executive power concentrated in the elected president
Direct election of head of state and legislature
Separated across executive, legislative, and judicial branches
Derived from system type and role classification
Romania operates under a presidential system with clear separation of powers. The president holds concentrated executive authority while the legislature and judiciary serve as independent branches, creating a system of checks and balances.
Located in Europe, Romania operates as a semi-presidential system. The country is governed from Bucharest and has a population of approximately 19.1 million.
Romania operates under a presidential system in which the president serves as both head of state and head of government. That creates a strong executive, but legislatures and courts still shape how far presidential power can go in practice.
Romania's political landscape includes 2 elections, 158 political parties, and 3 offices.
Romanian presidential election held November 2024. The result was annulled by the Constitutional Court after allegations of foreign interference, triggering a political crisis.
Romanian parliamentary election held December 2024. The Social Democrats retained the most seats while far-right AUR surged, complicating coalition formation.
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Country data is assembled from structured entity records, election results, and office timelines.
Head of state office of Romania.
Head of state office of Romania.
Head of government office of Romania.
Romanian electoral alliance
political party in Romania
Defunct Romanian political party
Head of state office of Romania.
Romanian electoral alliance
political party in Romania
Defunct Romanian political party
electoral alliance
political party
nationalist political party in Romania
political party in Romania and Moldova
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party and cultural organization
Romanian political party
Romanian political party
political party and cultural organization in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania active from 1880 to 1918
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian political party
defunct political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania (1993–2007)
political party in Romania
20th-century Romanian political party
political party and cultural organization in Romania
Romanian political party
organization
romani political party in Romania
political party and cultural organization in Romania
Political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania (1993–2015)
political party and cultural organization in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian popular front
political party in Romania
political party in Romania, active 1919-44
Romanian political party representing ethnic Germans
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Political party in Romania.
Romanian political party
Romanian political party
political party
former political party in Romania
political party in Romania (1944-1953)
former Romanian political party
Romanian ultranationalist movement (1930–1941)
ethnic minority political party in Romania
former political party
political party in Romania
Romanian political party
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political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party of Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
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political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian political movement
Romanian political party
Fascist movement of the 1920s
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian political party
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian political party
Romanian political party, 1926-1947
Romanian political party
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Political party in Romania.
Romanian fascist group
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party
Political party in Romania.
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian political party
Romanian political party (1993-1994)
political and cultural organization
defunct political party in Romania
Romanian political party
Romanian political party
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party
Romanian political party
political party
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
defunct political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
former Romanian political party
electoral alliance in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
communist party in Romania (2010 -)
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party
Romanian nationalist political party
Romanian political party from 1990 to 2001
Romanian political party
political party in Romania
Defunct political party in Romania
political party
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian political party with corruption platform
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Hungary
Romanian political party
Romanian political party
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party
Romanian nationalist political party
political party in Romania
political party
political party in Romania (1993–2015)
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
political party and cultural organization in Romania representing the Armenian minority
political party and cultural organization in Romania
political party and cultural organization
political party in Romania
political party in Romania
Romanian political party
Romanian political party
political party in Romania
Romanian political party
Romanian parliamentary election held December 2024. The Social Democrats retained the most seats while far-right AUR surged, complicating coalition formation.
Romanian presidential election held November 2024. The result was annulled by the Constitutional Court after allegations of foreign interference, triggering a political crisis.
