Government action to address climate change through emissions reduction, energy transition, carbon pricing, and international agreements. Intersects with energy, trade, and industrial policy.
How aggressively should governments act to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
Rapid decarbonization through regulation, public investment in renewables, carbon pricing, and just transition programs
Market-based mechanisms like carbon trading; gradual transition with support for affected industries and workers
Prioritize energy security and economic growth; skepticism of rapid mandates; prefer technology-led solutions over regulation
Paris Agreement targets widely missed; renewable energy costs falling; growing tension between climate goals and energy security
