Government regulation of international commerce through tariffs, trade agreements, sanctions, and industrial policy. Balances domestic industry protection against global integration.
Should governments pursue free trade or protect domestic industry?
Fair trade with labor and environmental standards; skeptical of corporate-driven globalization
Split between free-market globalists and protectionist nationalists; recent shift toward tariffs and reshoring
Retreat from multilateral free trade; industrial policy revival; supply chain reshoring and friend-shoring
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