Theocracy
A system of government where religious leaders or religious law holds supreme authority over the state.
Explanation
In a theocracy, political authority is derived from religious doctrine and religious leaders hold dominant power over the state. Laws are based on or heavily influenced by religious texts, and the legitimacy of government rests on divine authority rather than popular consent. Iran is the most prominent modern example — its Supreme Leader is a senior cleric who holds ultimate authority over all state institutions, including the elected president and parliament. The Vatican City is technically a theocratic absolute monarchy. Some states blend theocratic and democratic elements, with religious law operating alongside elected institutions.
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