Compare how countries distribute power between national and subnational governments. Federal systems like the U.S. and Germany decentralize authority, while unitary states like France and Japan concentrate it.
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6 countries to study. Click any card to view the full entity profile.
Federal presidential constitutional republic in North America. Power is divided across the presidency, Congress, the states, and the federal courts. National politics is dominated by the Democratic and Republican parties, but third parties and independents still shape the broader system.
Federal parliamentary republic in Central Europe. Largest economy in the EU with a multi-party coalition system.
Federal parliamentary democratic republic. World's most populous country with a multi-party parliamentary system.
Semi-presidential republic in Western Europe. Founding EU member and permanent UN Security Council member.
Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Third-largest economy globally, dominated by the LDP since 1955.
Federal presidential republic in South America. Largest country in Latin America with a multi-party presidential system.
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