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Political parties operating in Syria, connected through the PoliticaHub knowledge graph.
Syria's political landscape was fundamentally reshaped by the collapse of the Assad regime in December 2024, ending over five decades of Ba'athist single-party rule. The post-Assad transition remains contested: Islamist factions led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham hold power in Damascus, while the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces maintain autonomous governance across much of the northeast. Historic regime parties — including the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party — are largely defunct but indexed here for their role in Syria's post-independence history. Dozens of opposition coalitions, exile parties, and ethnic minority organizations are now competing to define Syria's constitutional future.
An early iteration of the Ba'athist movement in Syria before the 1966 coup that split the party. The original Ba'ath Party — co-founded by Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar in Damascus in 1947 — combined pan-Arab nationalist ideology with socialist economics and a secular rejection of both Western liberalism and Marxist internationalism. The 1966 military coup replaced the civilian founding leadership with a more radical military wing; Aflaq fled to Iraq, where the Ba'ath's Iraqi branch (later Saddam Hussein's party) maintained ideological continuity with the original founders.
political party in Syria
political party in Syria
The party that governed Syria from 1963 to 2024, the Ba'ath Party (Ba'ath means 'renaissance' in Arabic) merged Arab nationalist ideology with a single-party state apparatus under the Assad family. Founded on the principles of secular pan-Arab unity, socialism, and anti-imperialism, it was always a vehicle for the Alawi-dominated security establishment rather than a genuinely mass ideological movement. The party's formal dissolution after December 2024 ended 61 years of uninterrupted rule — the longest-running Arab authoritarian party government in history.
political party in Syria
The PYD (Partiya Yekîtiya Demokrat) is the dominant Kurdish political party in Syria and the political wing of the Rojava self-administration in northeastern Syria. Ideologically rooted in Abdullah Öcalan's democratic confederalism — a form of libertarian municipalism combining feminism, ecology, and stateless democracy — the PYD established the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES) during the civil war. Turkey regards the PYD as an extension of the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) and designates it as a terrorist organisation. The party's armed wing, the YPG, formed the core of the U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces against Islamic State.
One of several Kurdish parties in Syria aligned with the Kurdish National Council (KNC) — a coalition that is broadly pro-KDP (Kurdistan Democratic Party, Iraq) and supported by Turkey as an alternative to the PYD. The KDPP and other KNC parties have historically opposed the PYD's monopoly over Kurdish political representation in Syria and favour a federalised Syrian state with internationally recognised Kurdish autonomy, as opposed to the PYD's ideologically distinct democratic confederalism model.
political party in Syria
Kurdish political party in Syria
Syrian Kurdish political organization
political party
political party in Qamishli, Syria
political party in Syria
A Syrian communist party founded in the 1970s as a left-wing split from the official Syrian Communist Party. The CLP adopted a more independent Marxist-Leninist line, critical of Soviet influence, and maintained a clandestine existence under Ba'athist rule. During the civil war its members participated in various opposition coalitions. The party, like most Syrian leftist parties, has minimal organisational infrastructure following 50 years of Ba'athist repression of independent political activity.
political party in Syria
political party in Syria
political party in Syria
political party in Syria
Activist
political party in Syria
The oldest Assyrian political party in Syria, founded in 1957 to represent the Assyrian Christian minority — one of Syria's indigenous Aramaic-speaking communities. The ADO advocates for Assyrian cultural rights, the teaching of Aramaic in schools, and political recognition of Assyrians as a distinct national group within a pluralistic Syrian state. During the civil war, Assyrian militias (Syriac Military Council) affiliated with the SDF defended Christian communities in northeast Syria. The ADO has supported post-Assad constitutional frameworks that guarantee minority rights and decentralised governance.
political party in Syria
political party
A Syrian Arab nationalist party that historically operated within the framework of the Ba'athist-aligned National Progressive Front — a bloc of parties permitted to exist under Assad's controlled political system but denied any real power. Like most National Progressive Front parties, it represented a nominal pluralism that legitimised Ba'athist single-party dominance without challenging it. Post-2024 its future status depends on whether Syrian political parties can organise freely under the transitional government.
political party in Syria
Syrian Islamist faction that led the December 2024 offensive ending Assad family rule. Formerly affiliated with al-Nusra Front (al-Qaeda's Syria branch), HTS under Ahmad al-Sharaa repositioned itself toward a pragmatic governance model in Idlib before the nationwide offensive. It remains designated as a terrorist organization by the United States and European Union, complicating Syria's international reintegration.
political party
political party in Syria
Syrian Druze militia
political party in Syria
Syrian political party
political party in Syria
Syrian political party
political party in EgyptUnited Arab Republic
Syrian political party (1947–1963)
political party in Syria
United States lobbying organization
political party in Syria
political party in [[Syria]]
Syrian political party
political party in Syria
political party in Syria
opposition group to the rule of the Assad family in Syria
